利用细胞松弛素B抑制第一极体排放诱导近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)四倍体     

阙华勇  郭希明  张国范  张福绥 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(5):437-444

采用细胞松弛素B（CB）处理受精卵,抑制第一极体的排放,对近江牡蛎四倍体的诱导和培育进行了研究.结果表明,近江牡蛎在25-28℃时受精卵发育同步性较高.在28℃条件下,CB适宜处理剂量为0.6mg/L.在个别受精卵出现第一极体时实施处理,至对照组的第一极体出现率达到50%终止处理,四倍体的诱导效果较好.5个处理组D形幼虫的平均孵化率为11.0%,显著低于对照组72.4%的平均孵化率.在受精后4-12d期间处理组幼虫的存活率显著低于对照组.处理组胚胎和D形幼虫阶段四倍体的平均比例分别为41.8%和37.9%.四倍体的比例随着幼虫的生长发育呈下降趋势,至受精后12d在各处理组已检测不到四倍体.2组幼虫完成附着变态,从受精卵至稚贝的累计存活率平均为0.3%.本研究结果表明,使用CB处理抑制受精卵第一极体的释放可以有效诱导近江牡蛎四倍体,但所获得的四倍体幼虫存活力差,需要在未来的研究中解决.  相似文献   

长牡蛎死因初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴友吕  郑国兴 《海洋学研究》1995,13(2):52-57

本文对广西北海市海涂养殖的长牡蛎大量死亡的原因作了研究。电镜检测结果表明，在其外套膜、肝脏和中肠组织已吸入与积累了大量的直径为０．１～１．１０μｍ的球状有机化合物，未见微生物病原体感染，故该市海涂长牡蛎大量死亡的原因是其体内积累了大量的球状有机污染物而严重中毒引起的。  相似文献   

Depuration dynamics of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium     

de Abreu Corrêa A  Albarnaz JD  Moresco V  Poli CR  Teixeira AL  Oliveira Simões CM  Monte Barardi CR 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(5):479-489

The State of Santa Catarina produces the greatest quantity of edible mollusks in Brazil. To guarantee sanitary qualify, mollusk cultures should be monitored for contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. A self-purification or "depuration" system that eliminates Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contamination from oysters has been developed and evaluated. The depuration process occurred within a closed system, in which 1000 L of water was recirculated for 24 h. The water was sterilized with ultraviolet (UV) light, chlorine, or both together. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated with S. typhimurium were harvested every 6 h. Samples of oyster tissue were excised and both the presence and numbers of bacteria were determined. Combined UV light and chlorine treatments resulted in total elimination of bacteria within 12 h. Polymerase chain reaction detected bacteria in water exposed to the three treatments. This pioneering study is the first of its kind in Brazil and represents a major contribution to commercial mollusk culture in this country.  相似文献   

Differential recruitment of introduced Pacific oysters and native mussels at the North Sea coast: coexistence possible?   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

Susanne Diederich 《Journal of Sea Research》2005,53(4):269-281

Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg 1793) have been introduced into the Wadden Sea (North Sea), where they settle on native mussel beds (Mytilus edulis L.), which represent the only extensive insular hard substrata in this soft-sediment environment. As abundances of C. gigas rose, some mussel beds became increasingly overgrown with oysters, whereas others did not. Field experiments revealed that recruitment of C. gigas was higher in the lower intertidal than in the upper subtidal zone, that it was higher on conspecifics than on mussels, and that it was not affected by barnacle epigrowth except when settling on mussels. Mussel recruitment is known from inter- and subtidal zones. It occurred equally on oyster and mussel shells but showed a clear preference for barnacle epigrowth over clean shells. Assuming that settlement and recruitment are key processes for species abundances on the North Sea coast, it is predicted that the positive feedback in oyster settlement will lead to rapid reef formation of this invader at the expense of mussel beds. Mussels, however, may escape competitive exclusion by settling between or on the larger oysters especially when barnacles are abundant. Experimental patches with mussels were more often covered by fucoid algae (Fucus vesiculosus forma mytili Nienburg) than patches with oysters, and oyster recruitment was poor underneath such algal canopies. Thus, fucoids may provide the native mussels with a refuge from the invading oysters and the two bivalves may coexist, provided food is not limiting.  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)代谢率的季节变化及其与夏季死亡关系的探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

毛玉泽  周毅  杨红生  袁秀堂  文海翔  王如才 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(5):445-451

2002年6月—2003年9月,在中国北方重要养殖海区桑沟湾,采用呼吸瓶法现场研究了两种不同规格长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的耗氧率、排氨率及氧氮比的季节变化,从代谢水平探讨了长牡蛎夏季死亡的原因。结果表明,长牡蛎的耗氧率、排氨率以及氧氮比均具有明显的季节变化(P<0.001)。三龄牡蛎的个体耗氧率7月份最高[2.86mgO2/(ind·h)],1月份最低[0.07mgO2/(ind·h)];个体排氨率8月份最高[6.45μmol NH4-N/(ind·h)],1月份最低[0.47μmolNH4-N/(ind·h)];一龄牡蛎个体耗氧率和排氨率的变化范围分别为0.01—1.38mgO2/(ind·h)和0.04—1.66μmol NH4-N/(ind·h)。三龄个体单位个体耗氧率、排氨率高于一龄牡蛎,而单位软体干重的耗氧率、排氨率则小于一龄个体。一龄个体的氧氮比变化范围为16.7—58.0,10月份最高,一月份最低;三龄个体的氧氮比变化范围为8.7—64.0,6—7月份较高平均为52.7,8月份产卵后迅速下降到14.7,氧氮比的剧降表明该阶段长牡蛎代谢消耗了大量的蛋白质,使其体质脆弱,可能是引起三龄牡蛎夏季大量死亡的原因之一。  相似文献   

盐度对近江牡蛎幼虫生长及存活的影响     

薛凌展  阙华勇  张国范  杨笑波  方彰胜  高如承 《海洋科学》2007,31(9):73-77

采用室内培育手段,研究了盐度对近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)幼虫生长及存活的影响。将人工授精孵育的面盘幼虫分别置于盐度依次为16,25,30的砂滤海水中培育至眼点幼虫。每隔一天检测各盐度组幼虫的壳长、壳高和存活数量。结果表明,16盐度组的幼虫生长最快,25盐度组次之,30盐度组最慢。从受精后第14天开始,16盐度组幼虫的生长显著快于30盐度组(P<0.05)。在整个浮游幼虫阶段,高盐度组幼虫的存活率低于低盐度组,其中30盐度组的存活率最低。16和25盐度组在幼虫出现眼点之前均出现大量死亡现象,而30盐度组并没有出现大量死亡现象。上述结果说明,近江牡蛎幼虫经过高盐驯化,对高盐环境的抗性具有一定的提高。  相似文献   

Variations in the pallial organ sizes of the invasive oyster, Crassostrea gigas, along an extreme turbidity gradient     

Mickaël Dutertre  Laurent Barillé  Peter G. Beninger  Philippe Rosa  Yves Gruet 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Spatial size variations of labial palps, gills and the adductor muscle of the invasive feral oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were studied along two gradients of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations in the temperate macrotidal Bourgneuf Bay, (annual mean SPM concentration gradient of 21.0–154.0 mg l⁻¹) and the adjacent Loire Estuary (annual mean SPM concentration gradient of 24.1–630.4 mg l⁻¹) on the French Atlantic Coast. The gill-to-palp (G:P) ratios decreased with increasing turbidity, both in the bay and the estuary. Changes in G:P ratios were chiefly related to palp area variations, increasing gradually from low turbidity to very high-turbidity sites, while gill area showed no clear relationship with turbidity conditions. The G:P ratio, showing a significant relationship (r² = 0.97) with SPM concentrations, is proposed as a pallial organ index of oyster acclimation to turbidity conditions. The area of the striated part of the adductor muscle was always greater than that of the smooth one, and adductor muscle area tended to decrease when SPM concentration increased. These observations show the morphological capacity of the oyster C. gigas to tolerate SPM concentrations above the feeding cessation thresholds previously determined experimentally. They also suggest that pallial organ size variations could help explain the success of recent feral oyster invasions in temperate turbid ecosystems.  相似文献   

巨蛎属牡蛎DNA序列的比较及鉴定     

彭敏  罗邦  朱威霖  杨春玲  赵永贞  李强勇  刘青云  曾地刚  李旻  陈秀荔 《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(1):29-37

【目的】了解巨砺属牡蛎的系统关系和种类区分。【方法】对我国沿海分布的7种巨砺属牡蛎(香港牡蛎、有明牡蛎、熊本牡蛎、岩牡蛎、艾氏牡蛎、太平洋牡蛎、葡萄牙牡蛎)的线粒体DNA片段(COI、12S、16S和tRNAs),以及核糖体RNA基因转录间隔子序列(ITS-1、ITS-2和ITS)进行分子系统学研究。【结果】无论种间或种内,tRNAs序列差异最大,亚种内TS1序列差异最大;tRNAs和COI序列较其它序列变异更快,种间变异与种内变异之间有明显的条形码间隙;12S、16S、ITS和ITS2的种间变异与种内变异无重叠及条形码间隙;ITS1的种间变异与种内变异出现重叠。在亚种层面,12S、ITS、ITS1和ITS2的亚种间变异与亚种内变异出现重叠;16S的亚种间变异与亚种内变异无重叠及条形码间隙;tRNAs与COI序列亚种间变异与亚种内变异之间有明显的条形码间隙,有利于区分亚种。【结论】tRNAs和COI序列可用于种及亚种的鉴定。  相似文献   

Concentrations of selected trace metals (Cu,Pb, Zn), organochlorines (PCBs,HCB) and total PAHs in mangrove oysters from the Pacific Coast of Mexico: an overview   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Páez-Osuna F  Ruiz-Fernández AC  Botello AV  Ponce-Vélez G  Osuna-López JI  Frías-Espericueta MG  López-López G  Zazueta-Padilla HM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(11):1303-1308

  相似文献   

长牡蛎外套膜组织着色区和无色区的微生物多样性比较分析     

谢超伊  宋宏策  董美云  张钰煊  高凯利  魏磊  王晓通 《海洋通报》2024,(2):188-197

典型的开管式软体动物长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）具有开闭壳的行为习惯,易使大量海水成分进入体内。因此,海水中的微生物极易附着于长牡蛎的软体部表面。本研究利用16S rRNA对长牡蛎外套膜着色区和无色区以及其生活区域海水进行了微生物多样性比较分析。结果显示：长牡蛎外套膜表面的微生物多样性与丰富度均高于海水。在门水平上,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为长牡蛎外套膜着色区与无色区的共同优势菌类,而海水中优势菌类为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）。在属水平上,主要发现了弧菌（Vibrio）、假交替单孢菌（Pseudoalteromonas）和海洋单胞菌（Marinomonas）在内的28个菌属。此外,线性判别分析（Linear discriminant analysis effect size,LeFSe）显示,外套膜着色区与无色区的微生物标志物存在差异。着色区的主要标志物为螺旋体科未分类属（norank＿f＿Spirochaetaceae）,而无色区的主要标志物为弧菌（Vibrio）。综上,长牡蛎外套膜组织表面与海水之间的微生物组成存在较大差异。尽管外套膜着色...  相似文献